y washed,
but thoroughly scrubbed before paring during the summer months. If all
the bottles, nipples, water, toys, etc., are adequately clean, no
summer diarrhea, no dysentery, no other infection due to dirt, will
attack the baby. Of paramount importance is the pasteurization of milk
during the summer months, as mentioned elsewhere.

TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA

Simple diarrhea in the older child of two or three years is treated as
follows: Take away all solid foods. Give a big dose of castor oil,
thoroughly wash out the bowel by warm water containing a level
teaspoon of salt and a level teaspoon of baking soda to the pint, and
put the child to bed in a quiet room. Boil all milk for ten minutes
and thicken it with flour that has been browned in the oven; feed this
to the child at five-hour intervals. After each bowel movement, no
matter how often they come, the colon should be washed out with the
salt and soda enema as before mentioned.

Bear in mind that the child is losing liquids, and so, after the
bowels have moved, boiled water should be given by mouth, or a cupful
of water can often be retained if it is introduced into the rectum
slowly under very low pressure. Twenty-four or forty hours should
clear up a case of simple diarrhea, and on returning to food it should
be dry toast and boiled milk. For the younger baby, withhold all milk
and give barley water or rice water for the first twenty-four hours,
returning to milk very gradually and slowly.

For the more severe types, such as the dysentery containing mucus and
blood, everything that has been done for the simple diarrhea should be
done; the baby should be kept very quiet, while castor oil should be
promptly administered. Food is withheld and the bowels are carefully
irrigated after each movement with the salt and soda solutions. After
the bowels have moved from the castor oil, then bismuth subnitrate,
which has been dissolved in two ounces of water, should be given--one
or two teaspoons every three hours. This will naturally turn the bowel
movements dark.

Under no circumstances should any other medicines be given without the
physician's knowledge, as it is at such times as this that many
"would-be friends" advise laudanum, paregoric, and other opiates. The
skin must be kept warm, and fluids must replace those that have been
carried off in the many stools. Water may be given by an enema, by
water drinking, and in such rare cases as cholera infantum, when wat