atment must be
instituted early; braces or splints are applied; and untiring efforts
are put forth in massage and other lines to prevent a lifelong
handicap of clubfoot.

An inward rotating of the legs presents the deformity of pigeon-toe.
The normal foot naturally inclines toward "pointing in," and such a
condition should not be discouraged. Many flat feet (broken arch) are
due to shoe lasts which compel the toes to slant "out," and the
bunions which so often follow such mistreatment may be exceedingly
painful.

By all means place shoes on the pigeon-toed child that possess
straight lasts with flexible arches, and which admit of the exercise
of many muscles of the foot which otherwise remain inactive.

As the child grows older the toenails thicken, and often in their
trimming they are cut so closely at the corners that sometimes a
condition results known as ingrowing nails. Such are very painful and
must receive special attention. First of all, the nail is cut
squarely, and after scraping it thin the corner is lifted and cotton
so placed under it that the nail's downward and inward growth is
stopped.

SPINAL CURVATURE

Curvature of the spine is more common than is usually thought. The
most frequent variety of it is the lateral curvature. One shoulder is
lower than the other, and the hips are therefore uneven. Rickets,
during infancy, is the most common cause of spinal curvature.

Improper sitting at school--sitting on the edge of the seat--or
carrying heavy loads are often contributing factors to the production
of lateral curvatures. Only the muscles and ligaments enter into this
deformity, hence the treatment should be started early and should
consist of:

1. Stretching exercises.

2. Hanging from the rounds of a ladder securely fastened to the wall.

3. Certain applications of hot fomentations to the spinal muscles for
their relaxation.

4. Firm cushion placed under one or other of the hips to encourage the
re-establishment of muscular poise.

5. Special supervision of the case.

POTT'S DISEASE

Pott's disease, or tuberculosis of the bone, often results in an
angular spinal deformity. This curvature, unlike the lateral
curvature, is a sequela of an actual disease of the bones. It is
always very serious and demands early treatment from skilled hands.
Early in the disease there is a peculiar stiff, tottering gait. The
little child holds the spine rigidly, and in picking up objects from
the floor