onic diarrhea, and is pale in any
condition in which the blood is impoverished, as in Bright's
disease, rickets, consumption, or any exhausted state. Flushing
of the face accompanies fever, but besides this there is often
seen a flushing without fever in older children the subjects of
chronic disorders of digestion. Sudden flushing or paling is
sometimes seen in disease of the brain.

FACIAL EXPRESSION

The expression of the face varies with the disease. In whooping
cough and measles the face is swollen and somewhat flushed,
giving the child a heavy, stupid expression. There is also
swelling of the face, especially about the eyes, in Bright's
disease. Repeated momentary crossing of the eyes often indicates
approaching convulsions. In very severe acute diarrhea it is
astonishing with what rapidity the face will become sunken and
shriveled, and so covered with deep lines that the baby is almost
unrecognizable. The same thing occurs more slowly in the
condition commonly known as marasmus. Often the face has an
expression of distress in the beginning of any serious disease.
If the edges of the nostrils move in and out with breathing, we
may suspect some difficulty of respiration, such as attends
pneumonia. The baby sleeps with its eyes half open in exhausted
conditions or when suffering pain.

THE HEAD

The head exhibits certain noteworthy features. Excessive
perspiration when sleeping is an early symptom of rickets. It
must be remembered, however, that any debilitated child may
perspire more or less when asleep. Both in rickets and in
hydrocephalus (water on the brain) the face seems small and the
head large, but in the former the head is square and flat on top,
while in the latter it is of a somewhat globular shape. The
fontanelle is prominent and throbs forcibly in inflammation of
the brain, is too large in rickets and hydrocephalus, bulges in
the latter affection, and sometimes sinks in conditions with only
slight debility.

THE CHEST

The chest exhibits a heaving movement with a drawing in of the
spaces between the ribs in any disease in which breathing is
difficult. A chicken-breasted chest is seen in Pott's disease of
the spine, and to some extent in bad cases of enlargement of the
tonsillar tissue; a "vio