re sufficient to demonstrate the incorrectness of
this assertion. Three main principles appear more or less clearly in
all modern socialistic thought: first, that private ownership of the
means of production is unjustifiable; second, that all value comes
from labour; and, third, that all unearned income is unjust. These
three great principles may or may not be sound; but it is quite
certain that not one of them was held by the mediaeval theologians.
In the section on property we have shown that Aquinas, following the
Fathers and the tradition of the early Church, was an uncompromising
advocate of private property, and that he drew no distinction between
the means of production and any other kind of wealth; in the section
on just price we have shown that labour was regarded by the
mediaevals as but a single one of the elements which entered into the
determination of value; and in the section on usury we have shown that
many forms of unearned income were not only tolerated, but approved by
the scholastics.

We do not lose sight of the fact that socialism is not a mere economic
system, but a philosophy, and that it is founded on a philosophical
basis which conflicts with the very foundations of Christianity.
We are only concerned with it here in its character of an economic
system, and all we have attempted to show is that, as an economic
system, it finds no support in the teaching of the scholastic writers.
We do not pretend to suggest which of these two systems is more likely
to bring salvation to the modern world; we simply wish to emphasise
that they are two systems, and not one. One's inability to distinguish
between Christ and Barabbas should not lead one to conclude that they
are really the same person.

INDEX

Abelard, 14.
_Acts of the Apostles_, 168.
communism in, 44, 46.
Adam, 140.
and Eve, slavery the result of their sin, 92.
Administrative occupations, position in _artes possessivae_, 143.
AEgidius Romanus, 98, 197, 225.
Agriculture, position in _artes possessivae_, 142, 143.
its encouragement recommended, 143.
Albertus Magnus, 16, 82, 176, 186, 197.
Albigenses, the, belief in communism, 66.
Alcuin, 14.
Alexander of Hales, 176, 185.
Alexander III., Pope, 187.
attitude to usury, 174.
Alfric, see _Colloquy of Archbishop, The_.
Almsgiving, as justice, not charity, 69.
duty of, 80.
enforcement by the State, 85.
summary of mediaeval teachin