be changed unnecessarily, 219.
Monopolies, mediaeval views on, 124.
_Montes pietatis_, 194.
attitude of the Church to, 197.
controversy over interest charged by, 196.
_Montes profani_, 195 _et seq._
Moral theology, 130.
Morality, economic, in the Middle Ages, 10.
More, Sir Thomas, 48.
Mosheim, 44.
Munificence, duty of, 77.
_Mutuum_, 202, 210, 213, 214.
nature of, 178, 183.
risk involved in, 192.

Natural rights, distinction between absolute and commensurate
in slavery, 95.
Navarrus, 190.
Necessaries, two kinds distinguished by Thomas Aquinas, 83.
Neumann, 182.
New Testament, the, 176.
cited in support of prohibition of usury, 174.
Nice, Council of, on usury, 169, 170.
Nicholas v., Pope, bull on personal rent charges, 205.
Nider, 39, 110, 118, 134, 150, 181, 193.
Nitti, F.S., 43, 69.
Noel, Conrad, 49.
Numa, as origin of 'nummi,' 15.

Occupancy, as title to property, 65.
Old Testament, the, 176.
attitude to usury, 163, 165.
cited in support of prohibition of usury, 174.
Oresme, Nicholas, 143, 215, 216, 219.
his influence, 221.
his work on money, 214, 217 _et seq._
Origen, 45.
Orvieto, first _montes pietatis_ started at, 196.
Ownership, _see_ Property.

Padua, _montes pietatis_ at, 196.
Palgrave, 30, 105, 112, 135, 212.
Parma, _montes pietatis_ at, 196.
Partnership, division of remuneration, 209.
scholastic teaching on, 202, 205 _et seq._
the two kinds of, 209.
_Parvificentia_, a sin, 77, 78.
_Patria, potestas_, 226.
Pelagius, views condemned by Council, A.D. 415, 61.
Pennafort, Raymond de, 27, 149.
_Periculum sortis_, 191, 192, 212.
Perin, 183, 226.
Perugia, _montes pietatis_ at, 196.
Philip the Fair, his method of increasing the revenue, 216.
Philosophers, the, their condemnation of usury, 161.
Pigonneau, 146.
Plato, his objection to usury, 161.
Plutarch, attitude to usury, 163.
_Poena conventionalis_, 185.
difference from interest, 186.
Political economy, errors of classical school, 8.
difference between mediaeval and modern methods, 6.
Pope, the, his denunciation of Philip the Fair, 216.
the spiritual vicar of God, 10.
Popes, the, and almsgiving, 69.
pronouncements by, on rent, 204.
their protection of _montes pietatis_, 197.
Population, mediaeval attitude to, 224.
Poverty, as the cause of sin, 78.
Prescripti