ace was the Tiviot, and
this is that which now remains to be considered.

Seeing the vertical strata in the bed of the river, I was desirous to
know if those were immediately covered with the horizontal strata. This
could not be discovered in the bed of the river where the rock was
covered upon the banks with travelled earth. I therefore left the river,
and followed the course of a brook which comes from the south side. I
had not gone far up the bank, or former boundary of the Tiviot, when
I had the satisfaction to find the vertical strata covered with the
pudding-stone and marly beds as in the valley of the Jed.

It will now be reasonable to suppose that all the schistus which we
perceive, whether in the mountains or in the valleys, exposed to our
view had been once covered with those horizontal strata which are
observed in Berwickshire and Tiviotdale; and that, below all those
horizontal strata in the level country, there is at present a body or
basis of vertical or inclined schistus, on which the horizontal strata
of a secondary order had been deposited. This is the conclusion that I
had formed at Jedburgh, before I had seen the confirmation of it in the
Tiviot; it is the only one that can be formed according to this view of
things; and it must remain in the present state until more evidence be
found by which the probability may be either increased or diminished.

Since writing this, I have read, in the Esprit de Journaux, an abstract
of a memoir of M. Voigt, upon the same subject, which I shall now
transcribe.

"La mer a commence par miner les montagnes primitives dont les debris se
sont precipites au fond. Ces debris forment la premiere couche qui est
posee immediatement sur les montagnes primitives. D'apres l'ancien
langage de mineurs, nous avons jusqu'aujourd'hui appelle cette couche
_le sol mort rouge_, parce qu'il y a beaucoup de rouge dans son melange,
qu'elle forme le sol ou la base d'autres couches, et peut-etre de
toutes, qu'elle est entierement inutile et, en quelque facon, morte pour
l'exploitation des mines. Plusieurs se sont efforces de lui donner un
nom harmonieux; mais ils ne l'ont pu sans occasionner des equivoques.
Les mots _Breche Puddinstone Conglomerations_, &_c_. designent toujours
des substances autres que cette espece de pierre.

"Il est tres agreable de l'examiner dans les endroits ou elle forme des
montagnes entieres. Cette couche est composee d'une quantite prodigieuse
de pierres arron