nistic movements was forbidden, as were public
appeals for help.

_II. Penal_

1. Any person associating himself as member or otherwise with a
prohibited organization was liable to a fine of 500 marks or three
months' imprisonment, and a similar penalty was incurred by anyone
who gave a prohibited association or meeting a place of assembly.

2. The circulation or printing of a prohibited publication entailed
a fine not exceeding one thousand marks or imprisonment up to six
months.

3. Convicted agitators might be expelled from a certain locality or
from a governmental district, and foreigners be expelled from
federal territory.

4. Innkeepers, printers, booksellers, and owners of lending
libraries and reading rooms who circulated interdicted publications
might, besides being imprisoned, be deprived of their vocations.

5. Persons who were known to be active socialists, or who had been
convicted under this law, might be refused permission publicly to
circulate or sell publications, and any violation of the provision
against the circulation of socialistic literature in inns, shops,
libraries, and newsrooms was punishable with a fine of one thousand
marks or imprisonment for six months.

_III. Power conferred upon authorities._

1. Meetings may only take place with the previous sanction of the
police, but this restriction does not extend to meetings held in
connection with elections to the Reichstag or the Diets.

2. The circulation of publications may not take place without
permission in public roads, streets, squares, or other public
places.

3. Persons from whom danger to the public security or order is
apprehended may be refused residence in a locality or governmental
district.

4. The possession, carrying, introduction, and sale of weapons
within the area affected are forbidden, restricted, or made
dependent on certain conditions. All ordinances issued on the
strength of this section were to be notified at once to the
Reichstag and to be published in the official _Gazette_.[26]

When this law went into effect, the outlook for the labor movement
seemed utterly black and hopeless. Every path seemed closed to it except
that of violence. Immediately many places in Germany were put under
martial law. Societies were dissolved, newspaper