A

Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food
processing

Industrial production growth rate: -7% (1995)

Electricity:
capacity: 2,480,000 kW
production: 9.8 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 2,400 kWh (1995)

Agriculture: cotton, grain; livestock

Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to
Western Europe

Exports: $1.9 billion to states outside the FSU (1995)
commodities: natural gas, cotton, petroleum products, electricity,
textiles, carpets
partners: Ukraine, Russia, Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina

Imports: $777 million from states outside the FSU (1995)
commodities: machinery and parts, grain and food, plastics and
rubber, consumer durables, textiles
partners: Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Turkey

External debt: $400 million (of which $275 million to Russia)
(1995 est.)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $10 million (1993)
note: commitments, $1,830 million ($375 million drawn), 1992-95

Currency: Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the
manat, on 1 November 1993

Exchange rates: manats per US$1 - 2,400 (January 1996)
note: government established a unified rate in mid-January 1996

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transportation
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Railways:
total: 2,120 km in common carrier service; does not include
industrial lines
broad gauge: 2,120 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

Highways:
total: 23,000 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1990 est.)

Waterways: the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway

Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km

Ports: Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnowodsk)

Airports:
total: 64
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 13
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 8
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 7
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 35 (1994 est.)

Communications
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Telephones: NA

Telephone system: poorly developed
domestic: NA
international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other
CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the
Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from
Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchan