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parliament, the Postmaster-General is authorized and empowered "to require of every railway company that they shall convey the mail at such times as he may deem proper; and the amount paid for such services is settled by a subsequent arbitration." Railroad service is performed in New Hampshire for a fraction over 4 cents per mile. The average in New England is 10-1/2 cents per mile. The average price of passenger fares, for short distances or long, is but 3 cents per mile. There can be no doubt that it is within the constitutional and proper prerogative of congress to take the use of a railroad for the public service, leaving the just compensation to be awarded by arbitration. Neither can it be doubted that enlightened arbitration would greatly reduce the price from what is now paid. COMPARATIVE COST OF OTHER TRANSPORTATION WITH LETTER POSTAGE. The following table shows the cost of passage from Boston to the places named, and the cost of transportation of parcels of usual weight by Express, with the price per half ounce at the same rates. The average weight of passengers with their baggage is set at 230 pounds. This would be equal to the weight of 7360 letters, at half an ounce each, the postage on which, at two cents, would be $147.20, irrespective of distance. From Boston Passenger Per half oz. Express Per half oz. Fare. Mills. Freight. Mills. 230 pounds. To New York, $4.00 5-10ths $1.50 2-10ths To Philadelphia, 7.00 9-10ths 3.50 5-10ths To Baltimore, 10.00 1 3-10ths 5.50 7-10ths To Cincinnati, 25.00 3 2-10ths 10.50 1 4-10ths To St. Louis, 35.00 4 7-10ths 12.00 1 6-10ths To New Orleans, 45.00 6 1-10th 14.00 1 9-10ths To Liverpool, 120.00 16 3-10ths 7.20 9-10ths per Cunard Steamers Rowland Hill discovered that the cost of transporting a letter from London to Edinburgh was 1-36th of a penny; and the Parliamentary Committee ascertained by a different calculation, that this was the average cost per letter of all the mails in England. PENNY PAPERS. The establishment of penny papers in this country is a very striking illustration of the principles here involved. It is now just fiftee
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