front of right needle
from right to left and back between needles, then push down the point
and draw the loop backward through the stitch, instead of forward, as in
plain knitting, the right needle being thus brought behind the left.
Slip off the old stitch as usual, and take care to return the thread to
its place at the back before beginning to knit plain again.

[Illustration: Figure 4. Garter-Stitch, or Ridge-Stitch]

Garter-stitch, so called (Figure 4) is simply plain knitting back and
forth, which gives the effect of ridges, one row knit, the next purled.
This is a stitch much used for sweaters, and other knitted garments. If
one wishes to have the right side appear as in plain knitting, the 1st
row must be knitted plain, the next purled. Since one is the reverse of
the other, the right side will be plain knitting, the wrong side
purled.

[Illustration: Figure 5. The Double Rib]

The rib-stitch is alternately plain and purled. To knit the single rib,
* knit 1, purl 1; repeat. For double rib, (Figure 5,) * knit 2, purl 2;
repeat; and for triple-rib, * knit 3, purl 3; repeat. Any width of rib
may be made that is liked, always taking care--unless knitting in
rounds, as a wristlet, mitten or stocking--to knit the stitches purled
on the preceding row, and purl the knitted ones. There are a large
variety of fancy patterns made by combining plain knitting and purling,
such as the basket-stitch and others, of even or broken "check."

There are many variations of the simplest stitches; for example, the
common garter-stitch gives a particularly good effect if knitted from
the back. Put the needle in from right to left, through the back part of
the stitch to be knitted; leave the thread behind the needle, then pass
it from right to left over the needle and draw it through the stitch,
allowing the latter to slip off as in plain knitting. In this stitch the
two threads of the loop are crossed, instead of lying side by side as in
plain knitting.

[Illustration: Figure 6. Making "Overs"]

"Overs" (Figure 6) are used in all lace patterns, and many times in
fancy designs for wool knitting. To make an "over" bring the thread
before the needle as if to purl, then knit the next stitch plain as
usual. This brings a loop over the needle, which in the next row is to
be knitted as any stitch, thus increasing the number of stitches in the
row. In case it is not desired to increase the stitches, one must
narrow, by knitting two stit