nt; and he sent over the earl of Hertford and Lord Lisle, the
admiral, to Calais, with a body of nine thousand men, two thirds of
which consisted of foreigners. Some skirmishes of small moment ensued
with the French; and no hopes of any considerable progress could be
entertained by either party. Henry, whose animosity against Francis was
not violent, had given sufficient vent to his humor by this short war;
and finding that, from his great increase in corpulence and decay in
strength, he could not hope for much longer life, he was desirous of
ending a quarrel which might prove dangerous to his kingdom during a
minority. Francis likewise, on his part, was not averse to peace with
England; because, having lately lost his son, the duke of Orleans, he
revived his ancient claim upon Milan, and foresaw that hostilities
must soon, on that account, break out between him and the emperor.
Commissioners, therefore, having met at Campe, a small place between
Ardres and Guisnes, the articles were soon agreed on, and the peace
signed by them. The chief conditions were, that Henry should retain
Boulogne during eight years, or till the former debt due by Francis
should be paid. This debt was settled at two millions of livres, besides
a claim of five hundred thousand livres, which was afterwards to be
adjusted. Francis took care to comprehend Scotland in the treaty. Thus
all that Henry obtained by a war which cost him above one million
three hundred and forty thousand pounds sterling,[*] was a bad and a
chargeable security for a debt, which was not a third of the value.

* Herbert. Stowe.

The king, now freed from all foreign wars, had leisure to give his
attention to domestic affairs; particularly to the establishment of
uniformity in opinion, on which he was so intent. Though he allowed an
English translation of the Bible, he had hitherto been very careful to
keep the mass in Latin; but he was at last prevailed on to permit that
the litany, a considerable part of the service, should be celebrated in
the vulgar tongue; and by this innovation he excited anew the hopes of
the reformers, who had been somewhat discouraged by the severe law of
the six articles. One petition of the new litany was a prayer to save
us "from the tyranny of the bishop of Rome, and from all his detestable
enormities." Cranmer employed his credit to draw Henry into further
innovations; and he took advantage of Gardiner's absence, who was sent
on an embassy t