, stone-chipping
men lived the world over. So, in the open places and in forests among
wild beasts, they must have dug pits for safety or made rude huts of
earth or branches.

In caverns there have been more bones of horse and reindeer found than
of any other animals; and this shows that the early hunters did best in
killing these animals. There have been few bones of mammoths found;
but that is because those bones were mostly too heavy for the cave
people to carry away. It is likely that the flesh was eaten on the
spot where the animal was killed.

CHAPTER XVIII

HOW EARLY MEN BELIEVED THAT ALL THINGS THAT MOVE ARE ALIVE

All early peoples made their songs by singing over and over a line or
two. And into these words they put what they were thinking most about,
or hoping for. They believed that the whispered wish went into the
thing they sang to, and helped to bring about the thing they hoped for.
So the old axmaker, in time to his chipping, sings over and over to the
arrow head:

"I give you the eye of the eagle,
To find the rabbit's heart.
I give you the eye of the eagle,
To find the rabbit's heart."

And the mother sings to the child:

"Though a baby,
Soon a-hunting after berries
Will be going."

Early men believed that since they themselves are alive and move, all
other things that move also are alive, and have feelings and likes and
dislikes as men have. The rustling leaves, the waving grass, a rolling
stone, a drifting cloud, the rising moon--all are to them alive, and
many of them are to be feared.

The speech of the cave and the shell men was made up of few words, and
the meaning was helped out by motions of the hands and body. They knew
little outside of their forest life, and probably could not count
beyond three. But the power to grow was in them, and from such rude
beginnings came the men who built the cities of Paris and London.

CHAPTER XIX

THE PEOPLE OF OUR TIME WHO WERE MOST LIKE THE CAVE MEN

Up to a short time ago, on the island of Tasmania, near Australia,
there lived a people more nearly like the cave men than any people we
know about. Their weapons were made of limestone and were without
handles, because they did not know how to fix handles to them. Their
boat was a raft of bark bundles and was pushed by a pole. They lived
under shelters made of boughs, and made fire by twirling a stick on a
piece of soft wood. They drew rude pictures o