sitions as affirmative.

18. Convert the proposition "A is probably B." What information does the
proposition give us concerning B? [S]

19. Show in how many ways you can deny the following assertions: All
cathedral towns are all cities; Canterbury is the Metropolitan see. [S]

20. Explain the nature of a _hypothetical_ (or conditional) proposition.
What do you consider the radical difference between it and a
categorical? [S]

21. What is the function of the _copula_? In what different manners has
it been treated? [S]

22. Convert "A killed C unjustly"; "All Knowledge is probably useful";
"The exception proves the rule"; "Birds of a feather flock together."
[S]

23. What is modality? How are modals treated by (a) formal logic and (b)
by the theory of induction? [S]

24. What is the subject of an impersonal proposition? Give reasons for
your answer. [S]

25. Is the categorical proposition sufficiently described as referring a
thing or things to a class? [S]

26. Enumerate the cases in which the truth or falsity of one proposition
may be formally inferred from the truth or falsity of another.
Illustrate these cases, and give to each its technical name. [S]

27. Illustrate the relation of Immediate Inferences to the Laws of
Thought.

28. Explain what is meant by (a) Symbolic Logic; (b) the Logic of
Relatives. Describe some method of representing propositions by means
of diagrams; and indicate how far any particular theory of the import of
propositions is involved in such representation. [S]

29. Explain the exact nature of the relation between two _Contradictory_
propositions; and define Conversion by Contraposition, determining what
kind of propositions admit of such conversion.

Give the contradictory and the contrapositive of each of the following
propositions:--

(a) All equilateral triangles are equiangular;

(b) No vertebrate animal has jaws opening sideways;

(c) Wherever A and B are both present, either C or D is also
present. [S]

30. Define Obversion and Inversion, and apply these processes also to
the above three propositions.

31. Propositions can be understood either in extension or in intension.
Explain this, and discuss the relative value of the two interpretations.
[S]

32. Distinguish between real and verbal propositions; and explain the
importance of the distinction.

33. Illustrate the process called 'change of Relation.'

III. SYLLOGISM AND MEDIATE INFERENC