o the other. [C]

IV. INDUCTION, ETC.

51. What constitutes a Valid Induction? Distinguish it from a legitimate
hypothesis. [S]

52. Is it possible to form true universal propositions about facts if we
have not actually observed all the individuals designated by the subject
of the proposition? If so, how? [S]

53. "Perfect induction is demonstrative and syllogistic; imperfect
induction is neither." Explain the difference between perfect and
imperfect induction, and examine the truth of this assertion. [S]

54. Why is it that one should not regard night as the cause, nor even as
a universal condition of day? Explain "cause" and "condition." [S]

55. What do you understand by an experiment? Can you say how many
experiments are required to establish (1) a fact, (2) a law of nature?

56. How would you define _antecedent_, _cause_, _effect_, _consequent_?
[S]

57. England is the richest country in the world, and has a gold
currency. Russia and India, in proportion to population, are poor
countries and have little or no gold currency. How far are such kind of
facts logically sufficient to prove that a gold currency is the cause of
a nation's wealth? [S]

58. A man having been shot through the heart immediately falls dead.
Investigate the logical value of such a fact as proving that all men
shot through the heart will fall dead. [S]

59. Explain the process of induction called the Method of Difference,
and give some new instances of its application. How is it related to the
Method of Concomitant Variations? What is the Major Premise implied in
all these methods? [S]

59A. Examine the position, that the Canons of Experiment are useless,
because the work of preparing the experiments must have been done before
the canons can be applied.

60. Explain the logical cogency of experiments in the search for
physical causes. [S]

61. If the effects of A B C D are fully expressed by a b c d, and those
of B C D by b c d, what inductive inference can be drawn and on what
principle? State the canon according to which it is drawn. [S]

62. Compare the advantage of observation and experiment as means of
gaining data for Reasoning. [S]

63. Compare the cogency of different Inductive Methods, showing the kind
of evidence each requires, and the principle on which it is based. [S]

64. Compare the Canons of Agreement and Difference (1) as to the
difficulty of finding or preparing actual Instances for them, and (2) as
to the