permitted to any of the confederates to do or treat by him, or by any
other whatsoever, to the prejudice or damage of the lands and
dominions of either, whatsoever they be, or in whatsoever place,
either by sea or land. The enemies or rebels or adversaries shall in
nowise be suffered, neither shall the rebels or traitors who
undertake under the State of the other be received in his countries,
and shall much less give them counsel, aid, or favour, nor shall
admit that his subjects, people, or inhabitants should do anything
like.

"3. The Queen and Kingdom aforesaid and the Lord Protector and
Commonwealth aforesaid shall, as much as in them lies, endeavour to
take care, with all candour and affection, to remove all the
hindrances which hitherto have interrupted the liberty of navigation
and commerce between both the nations, as much in the dominions,
lands, seas, and rivers of either of the confederates with other
people and nations. They shall also endeavour to advance and defend
the liberty of navigation and commerce against all sorts of
disturbers for the reasons agreed upon in this treaty, or upon which
hereafter they may agree, nor shall suffer, either through
themselves, their subjects, or people, any offence to be committed or
done against this institution.

"4. For it is consented and agreed that the inhabitants and subjects
of the aforesaid confederates be free to travel by sea or land into
the kingdoms, countries, provinces, lands, islands, towns, cities,
villages, walled or unwalled, fortified or no, ports, dominions
whatsoever freely, or without safe-conduct, general or special, to go
and thence to return, and thence to stay or pass over, and all the
while to buy victuals and things necessary for their use, and are to
be treated with all benevolence. And also it shall be lawful for the
subjects, citizens, and inhabitants of either of the confederates to
exercise merchandise and commerce in all places wherein any commerce
hath hitherto been exercised, and the same merchandise may be carried
in or forth according to their pleasure, paying nevertheless the
usual tax, and observing the laws and ordinances of the aforesaid
Kingdom and Commonwealth; supposing on both sides that the people,
subjects, and inhabitants of either of the confederates shall have
and possess in the countries, lands, dominions, and