same freedom of navigation and merchandising as is expressed
in the former articles should be and remain to either confederate,
his subjects and people, in the Baltic Sea, the Strait of the Sound,
the Northern, Western, British, and Mediterranean Seas, and in the
Channel and other seas of Europe, it shall therefore earnestly be
endeavoured by common counsel, help, and assistance, that the
foresaid mutual freedom of navigation and commerce shall be
established and promoted in all the before-mentioned seas, and, if
occasion require, shall be defended against disturbers who would
interrupt it, prohibit, hinder, constrain, and force it to their own
will and the injury of the confederates; and both the confederates
shall willingly and mutually afford their goodwill and readiness to
promote the benefit and to take away the prejudice of either of the
confederates, always saving to either nation the leagues with other
kingdoms, commonwealths, and nations which have been heretofore made
and are in force; but neither of the confederates for the future
shall make any league or alliance with any foreign people or nations
whatsoever to any prejudice of this present mutual league, without
the knowledge beforehand and consent of the other confederate; and if
anything shall hereafter be agreed otherwise, it shall be void, and
shall wholly give way to this mutual agreement; but of the manner of
mutual aid or assistance to be given for defence of this league, and
freedom of commerce and navigation, where it shall be necessary and
reason shall require it, it shall be specially agreed upon according
to the circumstances of time and all other things.

"16. Concerning other advantages to be enjoyed, and rules according
to which the ships of war shall demean themselves which shall come
into the ports or stations of the other confederate, of the trade to
be had in America, also of the commodities of fishing for herrings
and other fish whatsoever, of the staples and marts to be appointed
for trade, and of other matters and conditions which may be required
for the greater evidence of the former articles, as by a particular
treaty and mutual contract shall be hereafter agreed.

"17. But those matters which we have agreed in the former articles
shall forthwith from this moment of time obtain full force and be
sincerely and rightly observed by e