, chaps, VI. XIV. See
also the Arabic and Syriac Gospels of the Infancy, cf. Lalita-vistara,
chap. X.]

[Footnote 1128: Pseudo-Matthew, chap, XXII.-XXIV. and Lal. Vist. chap.
VIII.]

[Footnote 1129: Pseudo-Matthew, XIII. Cf. Dig. Nik. 14 and Maj. Nik.
123. Neumann's notes on the latter give many curious medieval
parallels.]

[Footnote 1130: See Gospel of James, XVIII. and Lal. Vist. VII. _ad
init_.]

[Footnote 1131: See Rhys Davids, _Buddhist Birth stories_, 1880,
introduction; and Joseph Jacobs, _Barlaam and Josaphat_, 1896.]

[Footnote 1132: Nos. 12 and 537.]

[Footnote 1133: As is also the idea that [Greek: gnosis] implies a
special ascetic mode of life, the [Greek: bios gnostikos].]

[Footnote 1134: Irenaeus, I. XXV.]

[Footnote 1135: It appears in the Pistis Sophia which perhaps
represents the school of Valentinus. Basilides taught that "unto the
third and fourth generation" refers to transmigration (see Clem. Al.
fragm. sect. 28 Op., ed. Klotz, IV. 14), and Paul's saying "I was
alive without the law once" (Rom. vii. 9), to former life as an animal
(Orig. in Ep. ad Rom. V. Op. iv. 549).]

[Footnote 1136: For Gnosticism, see _Buddhist Gnosticism_, J. Kennedy
in _J.R.A.S._ 1902, and Mead, _Fragments of a faith Forgotten_.]

[Footnote 1137: Chavannes et Pelliot, "Un traite Manicheen retrouve en
Chine," _J.A._ 1911, I, and 1913, II.]

[Footnote 1138: Le Coq in _J.R.A.S._ 1911, p. 277.]

[Footnote 1139: Catechetic Lectures, VI. 20 ff. The whole polemic is
curious and worth reading.]

[Footnote 1140: Alberuni, _Chronology of ancient nations_, trans.
Sachau, p. 190.]

[Footnote 1141: The account in Philostratus (books II. and III.) reads
like a romance and hardly proves that Apollonius went to India, but
still there is no reason why he should not have done so.]

[Footnote 1142: He wrote, however, against certain Gnostics.]

[Footnote 1143: Similarly Sallustius (_c._ 360 A.D.), whose object was
to revive Hellenism, includes metempsychosis in his creed and thinks
it can be proved. See translation in Murray, _Four Stages of Greek
Religion_, p. 213.]

CHAPTER LVII

PERSIAN INFLUENCE IN INDIA

Our geographical and political phraseology about India and Persia
obscures the fact that in many periods the frontier between the two
countries was uncertain or not drawn as now. North-western India and
eastern Persia must not be regarded as water-tight or even merely
leaky compartments. Even now there