H.
von Treitschke, "Cavour," in his _Historische und politische Aufsatze_
(Leipzig, 1871); E. Dicey, _A Memoir of Cavour_ (London, 1861); Conte
C. di Cavour, _Discorsi parlamentari_ (8 vols., Turin, 1863-1872),
_Opere politico-economiche_ (Cuneo, 1855); F.X. Krauss, _Cavour_
(Mainz, 1902); E. Artom, _L'Opere politica del Senatore T. Artom nel
Risorgimento Italano _ (Bologna, 1906), a biography of Cavour's
devoted private secretary, containing new material. ( L. V.*)

CAVOUR (anc. _Caburrum_ or _Forum Vibii_), a town of Piedmont, Italy, in
the province of Turin, 32 m. S.W. by rail and steam tram (via Pinerolo
from the town of Turin). Pop. (1901) town, 2091; commune, 6843. It lies
on the north side of a huge isolated mass of granite (the Rocca di
Cavour) which rises from the plain. On the summit was the Roman village,
which belonged to the province of the Alpes Cottiae. There are some
ruins of medieval fortifications. The town gave its name to the Benso
family of Chieri, who were raised to the marquisate in 1771, and of
which the statesman Cavour was a member.

For the ancient name see Th. Mommsen in _Corp. Inscrip. Lat._ v.
(Berlin, 1877), p. 825.

CAVY, a name commonly applied to several South American rodent animals
included in the family _Caviidae_ (see RODENTIA), but perhaps properly
applicable only to those belonging to the typical genus _Cavia_, of
which the most familiar representative is the domesticated guinea-pig.
Cavies in general, the more typical representatives of the _Caviidae_,
are rodents with hoof-like nails, four front and three hind toes,
imperfect collar-bones, and the cheek-teeth divided by folds of enamel
into transverse plates. The tail is short or rudimentary, the incisors
are short, and the outer surface of the lower jaw is marked by a
distinct ridge.

True cavies, or couies (_Cavia_), are best known by the guinea-pig, a
domesticated and parti-coloured race derived from one of the wild
species, all of which are uniformly coloured. They are comparatively
small and stoutly built animals, with short, rounded ears and no tail.
In habits they are partly diurnal; and live either in burrows among the
crevices of rocks, beneath the leaves of aquatic plants in marshy
districts, or underneath the floors of outbuildings. Their cries are
faint squeaks and grunts. They feed upon nearly all vegetable
substances, but drink little. Generally they associate in small
societi