s underlying household industries. Soap-making, bread-making,
preservation of food, and the processes of cooking and cleaning are
examples of this.

Some knowledge of elementary science is also necessary to an
understanding of the construction and practical working of the kitchen
stove, the fireless cooker, the cream separator, and many household
appliances. Its principles determine the methods of heating, lighting,
and ventilating.

Physiology and Hygiene.--The study of food and the planning and
preparation of meals should include a knowledge of the body and its
requirements. The sanitary care of the house and its premises is
directly related to hygiene.

Nature Study.--Animals and plants furnish us with most of our food, and
familiarity with these is necessary to the housekeeper. A knowledge of
the structure of animals is essential in studying the cuts of meat; the
structure of plants and the functions of their different parts give a
key to the value of vegetable food.

Physical Training.--The class should be carefully trained throughout in
correct muscular movements. The position of the body should be closely
watched in working and in sitting, and the classes should enter and
leave the room in systematic order.

Manual Training.--The practical part of housekeeping demands constant
use of the hands. The teacher should be watchful of awkward handling of
materials and utensils and be careful to correct it. She should require
deft, natural movements until they become habits.

Art.--Ideas of colour and design should be applied in choosing
wall-papers, carpets, dishes, furniture, and clothing. The pupils might
be asked to make original coloured designs for these household articles.

ROOMS

It is most desirable to have Household Management include all home
operations and, to make this possible, more than one room should be
provided. Many school boards, however, in introducing the work, find
that one room is all that can be afforded. Where this is the case, it is
necessary that this room be equipped as a kitchen, though it must be
used for other purposes as well. It will serve also for table-setting
and serving, for simple laundry work, for lessons in home-nursing, and
for sewing.

[Illustration: A Household Management class at work]

This kitchen should be large and airy, so that the class can work
comfortably and conveniently. A room having greater length than width
admits of the best arrangement.

On acco