191

_The Black Belt of_ 1860 193

_The Cotton Belt of_ 1860 196

_Tobacco Areas in_ 1860 197

_Wheat Areas in_ 1860 200

_The Presidential Election of_ 1860 _between_ 264 _and_ 265

_Conflicting Sectional Interests_, 1850-60 237

_One Nation or Two_? 291

_The Confederacy in_ 1863 313

_Regions which surrendered with Lee and
Johnston, April, 1865_ 327

EXPANSION AND CONFLICT

CHAPTER I

ANDREW JACKSON

"Let the people rule"--such was the reply that Andrew Jackson made to
the coalition of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams which made the latter
President. And Andrew Jackson was an interesting man in 1825. He was to
be the leader of the great party of the West which was forming for the
overthrow of the old political and social order. Born in a cabin on the
southern frontier in 1767 and reared in the midst of poverty during the
"hard times" of the Revolution, Jackson had had little opportunity to
acquire the education and polish which so distinguished the leaders of
the old Jeffersonian party. After a season of teaching school and
studying law in Salisbury, North Carolina, he emigrated, in 1788, to
Tennessee, where he soon became a successful attorney, and a few years
later a United States Senator. But public life in Philadelphia proved as
unattractive as school-teaching had been; he returned to the frontier
life of his adopted State and was speedily made a judge, and as such he
sometimes led _posses_ to enforce his decrees. During the second war
with England he made a brilliant campaign against the Creek Indians, who
had sided with the British, and gained the reputation of being the
mortal enemy of the aborigines, a reputation which added greatly to his
popularity in a community which believed that the "only good Indian is a
dead Indian."

At the close of the war, when most men were expecting news that the
British had conquered the lower Mississippi Valley and that the Union
was breaking to pieces, he proved to be the one American general who
could "whip the tro