f Minnesota planted many apple seeds, and from them all
raised one tree that was very fruitful, finely flavored, and able to
withstand the cold Minnesota winter. This tree he multiplied by grafts
and named the Wealthy apple. It is said that in giving this one apple to
the world he benefited mankind to the value of more than one million
dollars. It will be well to watch for any valuable bud or seed variant
and never let a promising one be lost. Plants grown in this way from
seeds are usually spoken of as seedlings.

[Illustration: A LUSCIOUS AND EASILY GROWN BERRY]

PLANTS TO BE PROPAGATED FROM BUDS

The following list gives the names and methods by which our common
garden fruits and flowers are propagated:

_Figs_: use cuttings 8 to 10 inches long or layer.
_Grapes_: use long cuttings, layer, or graft upon old vines.

_Apples_: graft upon seedlings, usually crab seedlings one
year old.

_Pears_: bud upon pear seedlings.

_Cherries_: bud upon cherry stock.

_Plums_: bud upon peach stock.

_Peaches_: bud upon peach or plum seedlings.

_Quinces_: use cuttings or layer.

_Blackberries_: propagate by suckers; cut from parent stem.

_Black raspberries_: layer; remove old stem.

_Red raspberries_: propagate by root-cuttings or suckers.

_Strawberries_: propagate by runners.

_Currants_ and _gooseberries_: use long cuttings (these plants
grow well only in cool climates; if attempted in warm
climates, set in cold exposure).

_Carnations_, _geraniums_, _roses_, _begonias_, etc.: propagate by
cuttings rooted in sand and then transplanted to small pots.

=EXERCISE=

Propagate fruits (grape, fig, strawberry) of various kinds; also
ornamental plants. How long does it take them to root? Geraniums
rooted in the spring will bloom in the fall. Do you know any one
who selects seed potatoes properly? Make a careful selection of
seed at the next harvest-time.

SECTION XVIII. PLANT SEEDING

In propagating by seed, as in reproducing by buds, we select a portion
of the parent plant--for a seed is surely a part of the parent
plant--and place it in the ground. There is, however, one great
difference between a seed and a bud. The bud is really a piece of the
parent plant, but a piece of _one_ plant only, while a seed comes from
the parts of two plants.

You will understand this fully if you read carefully Sections XIV-XVI.
Since the seed is made of t