odies there are, in reality, only
individuals, and among different races which gradually pass
(_nuancent_) into all degrees of organization" (p. 14).

On p. 70 he speaks of the animal chain from monad to man, ascending from
the most simple to the most complex. The monad is the most simple, the
most like a germ of living bodies, and from its nature passes to the
volvoces, proteus, vibrios; from them nature arrives at the production
of "polypes rotiferes"--and then at "Radiaires," worms, Arachnida,
Crustacea, and Cirrhipedes.

FOOTNOTES:

[162] _Discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie donne dans le Museum
national d'Histoire naturelle, le 21 floreal, an 8 de la Republique_
(1800). Floreal is the name adopted by the National Convention for the
eighth month of the year. In the years of the Republic 1 to 7 it
extended from April 20 to May 19 inclusive, and in the years 8 to 13
from April 21 to May 20 (_Century Cyclopedia of Names_). The lecture,
then, in which Lamarck first presented his views was delivered on some
day between April 21 and May 20, 1800.

[163] Lamarck by the word _generation_ implies heredity. He nowhere uses
the word _heredite_.

[164] "L'oiseau que le besoin attire sur l'eau pour y trouver la proie
qui le fait vivre, ecarte les doigts de ses pieds lorsqu'il veut frapper
l'eau et se mouvoir a sa surface" (p. 13). If the word _veut_ has
suggested the doctrine of appetency in meaning has been pushed too far
by the critics of Lamarck.

[165] This he already touched upon in his _Memoires de Physique et
d'Histoire naturelle_ (p. 342).

[166] _Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres_, pp. 16 and 17.

[167] I have cited the incontestable proofs in my _Hydrogeologie_, and I
have the conviction that one day all will be compelled to accept these
great truths.

[168] _Ranunculus aquaticus capillaceus_ (Tournef., p. 291).

[169] _Ranunculus aquaticus_ (folio rotundo et capillaceo, Tournef.,
p. 291).

[170] _Gramen junceum_, etc. (Moris, hist. 3, sec. 8, t. 9, f. 4).

[171] _Discours d'ouverture d'un Cours de Zoologie, prononce en
prairial, an XI, au Museum d'Histoire naturelle, sur la question,
Qu'est-ce que l'espece parmi les corps vivans?_ (1803).

[172] _Recherches sur l'Organisation des Corps vivans_, p. 9.

[173] "See at the end of this discourse the sketch of a _Philosophie
zoologique_ relative to this subject." [This sketch was not added--only
the title at the end of the book.]

[174] See