he
individual or during that of the species, and afterwards impressed by
heredity on the individual."

Lower down on the same page he writes:--

"As showing how close is the connection between hereditary memory and
instinct," &c.

And on the following page:--

"And this shows how closely the phenomena of hereditary memory are
related to those of individual memory: at this stage . . . it is
practically impossible to disentangle the effects of hereditary memory
from those of the individual."

Again:--

"Another point which we have here to consider is the part which
heredity has played in forming the perceptive faculty of the
individual prior to its own experience. We have already seen that
heredity plays an important part in forming memory of ancestral
experiences, and thus it is that many animals come into the world with
their power of perception already largely developed. . . . The wealth
of ready-formed information, and therefore of ready-made powers of
perception, with which many newly-born or newly-hatched animals are
provided, is so great and so precise that it scarcely requires to be
supplemented by the subsequent experience of the individual." {233a}

Again:--

"Instincts probably owe their origin and development to one or other
of two principles.

"I. The first mode of origin consists in natural selection or
survival of the fittest, continuously preserving actions, &c. &c. . .
.

"II. The second mode of origin is as follows:--By the effects of
habit in successive generations, actions which were originally
intelligent become as it were stereotyped into permanent instincts.
Just as in the lifetime of the individual adjustive actions which were
originally intelligent may by frequent repetition become automatic, so
in the lifetime of species actions originally intelligent may by
frequent repetition and heredity so write their effects on the nervous
system that the latter is prepared, even before individual experience,
to perform adjustive actions mechanically which in previous
generations were performed intelligently. This mode of origin of
instincts has been appropriately called (by Lewes--see Problems of
Life and Mind {233b}) the 'lapsing of intelligence.'" {233c}

Later on:--

"That 'practice makes perfect' is a matter, as I have previously said,
of daily observation. Whether we regard a