ction of the feudal rights hold over such territory as
German princes held within the borders of France? Such was the
vexatious question which those princes were carrying to their supreme
tribunal, that of the Emperor at Vienna.

The opposition to the war was not so weighty. Louis realized the
danger clearly enough, and knew that Austrian success would be visited
on his head. Yet he was so helpless that he had to call the
_Feuillant_ nominee, Count Louis de Narbonne, his own natural cousin,
to the ministry of war. The King was not alone in his opposition to
the war,--Robespierre and Marat, nearly in accord, both stood for
peace. Robespierre, from the first, had foreseen the course of the
Revolution, had {133} prophetically feared the success of some soldier
of fortune,--he was at this moment that unknown lieutenant of
artillery, Napoleone Buonaparte,--who should with a stroke of the sword
convert the Revolution to his purposes. Marat, in his more hectic,
malevolent, uncertain way, was haunted by the same presentiment, and
what he saw in war was this: "What afflicts the friends of liberty is
that we have more to fear from success than from defeat . . . the
danger is lest one of our generals be crowned with victory and
lest . . . he lead his victorious army against the capital to secure
the triumph of the Despot. I invoke heaven that we may meet with
constant defeat . . . and that our soldiers . . . drown their leaders
in their own blood."--This Marat wrote on the 24th of April 1792, in
his little pamphlet newspaper _l'Ami du peuple_.

During the first part of 1792 the popular agitation grew. France was
now throwing all the enthusiasm, the vital emotion of patriotism into
her internal upheaval. Rouget de Lisle invented his great patriotic
hymn, christened in the following August the _Marseillaise_. Men who
could get no guns, armed themselves with pikes. The red Phrygian cap
of liberty was adopted. The magic word, citizen, became {134} the
cherished appellation of the multitude. And in the assembly the
orators declaimed vehemently against the traitors, the supporters of
the foreigner in their midst. Vergniaud, from the tribune of the
assembly menacing the Austrian princess of the Tuileries, exclaimed:
"Through this window I perceive the palace where perfidious counsels
delude the Sovereign. . . . Terror and panic have often issued from
its portals; this day I bid them re-enter, in the name of the Law; let