bout 200,000 men organized into
ground, naval, air, air defense, and frontier forces, all administered
by a single ministry. All elements operate as part of army, which is
largest single component.

26. SECURITY: Security forces, nationally organized and centrally
controlled by Ministry of Internal Affairs, consist of ordinary police
(militia) and security troops, which perform counter-espionage and
counter-subversive functions.

27. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the United Nations and a
number of its specialized agencies. Member of the Warsaw Treaty
Organization (Warsaw Pact) and the Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (COMECON).

ROMANIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD iii

PREFACE v

COUNTRY SUMMARY vii

SECTION I. SOCIAL

Chapter 1. General Character of the Society 1

2. Historical Setting 9

Early Origin--Formation of the Principalities--
Western Influences--National Independence--World
War I--Interwar Years, 1918-40--World War II--
Communist Seizure of Power--The Communist State

3. Physical Environment and Population 29

Natural Features and Resources--Boundaries and
Political Subdivisions--Population--Living
Conditions--Transportation

4. Social System and Values 49

Ethnic Composition--Social Structure--Social Values

5. Religion 65

Church-State Relations--The Romanian Orthodox
Church--The Roman Catholic Church--Protestant
Churches--Other Religions and Churches

6. Education 73

Background--Educational Reforms Since 1948--
Literacy--The Educational System--Education of
Minorities

7. Artistic and Intellectual Expression 91

The Role of the Arts Under Communism--Art,
Sculpture, and Architecture--Music--Theater