ghts man in freedom shall yet attain. The day is past
for persecuting the philosophers of the physical sciences. But
what a holocaust of martyrs bigotry is still making of those
bearing the richest treasures of thought, in religion and social
ethics, in their efforts to roll off the mountains of
superstition that have so long darkened the human mind!

The numerous demands by the people for national protection in
many rights not specified in the constitution, prove that the
people have outgrown the compact that satisfied the fathers, and
the more it is expounded and understood the more clearly its
monarchical features can be traced to its English origin. And it
is not at all surprising that, with no chart or compass for a
republic, our fathers, with all their educational prejudices in
favor of the mother country, with her literature and systems of
jurisprudence, should have also adopted her ideas of government,
and in drawing up their national compact engrafted the new
republic on the old constitutional monarchy, a union whose
incompatibility has involved their sons in continued discussion
as to the true meaning of the instrument. A recent writer says:

The Constitution of the United States is the result of a
fourfold compromise: _First_--Of unity with individual
interests; of national sovereignty with the so-called
sovereignty of States; _Second_--Of the republic with
monarchy; _Third_--Of freedom with slavery; _Fourth_--Of
democracy with aristocracy.

It is founded, therefore, on the fourfold combination of
principles perfectly incompatible and eternally excluding each
other; founded for the purpose of equally preserving these
principles in spite of their incompatibility, and of carrying
out their practical results--in other words, for the purpose of
making an impossible thing possible. And a century of discussion
has not yet made the constitution understood. It has no settled
interpretation. Being a series of compromises, it can be
expounded in favor of many directly opposite principles.

A distinguished American statesman remarked that the war of the
rebellion was waged "to expound the constitution." It is a
pertinent question now, shall all other contradictory principles
be retained in the constitutio