s at
Port Royal.]

[Footnote 10: Thrown up by the island planters after the outbreak of
the war.]

[Footnote 11: Thomas A. Coffin's large plantation at the eastern end
of St. Helena Island.]

[Footnote 12: F. A. Eustis of Milton, who was part owner of the
plantation in question.]

[Footnote 13: Mr. Philbrick had gone down to Hilton Head again to see
about his luggage.]

[Footnote 14: See page v.]

[Footnote 15: Pine Grove and Fripp Point.]

[Footnote 16: The drivers, negroes holding a position next below the
white overseers, were found by the Northerners still keeping the keys
and trying to exert their authority.]

[Footnote 17: For clothing their masters had been in the habit of
giving them material for two suits a year; a pair of blankets every
few years made up the sum of gratuities.]

[Footnote 18: Mrs. Philbrick.]

[Footnote 19: Miss Laura E. Towne of Philadelphia. She never returned
to live in the North. The school she started in 1862 is still in
existence, under the name of the Penn Normal, Industrial, and
Agricultural School.]

[Footnote 20: Known as the Smith Plantation.]

[Footnote 21: The ferry to Ladies Island, across which ran the road to
St. Helena Island and Mr. Philbrick's plantations.]

[Footnote 22: The plantation "praise-house," as the negroes' church
was called, was often merely "a rather larger and nicer negro hut than
the others. Here the master was an exemplary old Baptist Christian,
who has left his house full of religious magazines and papers, and
built his people quite a nice little house,--the best on this part of
the Island."

(Letter of W. C. G., April 22, 1862.)]

[Footnote 23: Pine Grove was in this respect an exception among the
Sea Island plantations.]

[Footnote 24: See p. 33.]

[Footnote 25: Mrs. Philbrick.]

[Footnote 26: "The true 'shout' takes place on Sundays or on
'praise'-nights through the week, and either in the praise-house or
some cabin in which a regular religious meeting has been held. Very
likely more than half the population of the plantation is gathered
together. Let it be the evening, and a light-wood fire burns red
before the door to the house and on the hearth.... The benches are
pushed back to the wall when the formal meeting is over, and old and
young, men and women, sprucely-dressed young men, grotesquely
half-clad field-hands--the women generally with gay handkerchiefs
twisted about their heads and with short skirts--boys with tattered