his remarks
on these specimens, as well as on the general subject, are quite
interesting, I quote them somewhat at length.

"The separation between the fibre and the wood appears to have been
as thorough and effectual as at this day by the process of rotting and
hackling. The thread, though coarse, is uniform in size, and regularly
spun. Two modes of weaving are recognized: In one, by the alternate
intersection of the warp and woof, and in the other, the weft is wound
once around the warp, a process which could not be accomplished except
by hand. In the illustration the interstices have been enlarged to
show the method of weaving, but in the original the texture was about
the same as that in coarse sail-cloth. In some of the Butler County
specimens there is evidently a fringed border."

[Illustration: Fig. 70.--Cloth from a mound, Ohio.]

[Illustration: Fig. 71.--Section.]

In regard to the second specimen described, I would remark that it is a
very unusual form, no such combination of the parts having come to my
notice either in the ancient fabrics themselves or in the impressions on
pottery. In a very closely woven cloth it might be possible to employ
such a combination, each thread of the web being turned once around each
thread of the woof as shown in Fig. 71; but certainly it would work in
a very unsatisfactory manner in open fabrics. I would suggest that this
example may possibly belong to my second group, which, upon the surface,
would have a similar appearance. The combination of this form is shown
in the section, Fig. 73.

SECOND GROUP.

It is not impossible, as previously stated, that open fabrics of the
plain type were avoided for the reason that the threads would not remain
in place if subjected to tension. A very ingenious method of fixing the
threads of open work, without resorting to the device of knotting has
been extensively employed in the manufacture of ancient textiles. The
simplest form of cloth in which this combination is used is shown in
Fig. 72. This example, which was obtained from a small fragment of
pottery found in Polk County, Tennessee, may be taken as a type.

[Illustration: Fig. 72.--From ancient pottery, Tennessee.]

[Illustration: Fig. 73.--Section.]

Two series of threads are interwoven at right angles, the warp series
being arranged in pairs and the woof singly. At each intersection the
pairs of warp threads are twisted half a