chools are transformed into secular schools or
suppressed; at the time of their transformation they enumerated in
all 648,824 pupils.--Following upon this secularization, 2,839 private
congregationist schools are opened as competitors and count in 1889-90,
354,473 pupils."--In ten years public secular instruction gains 12,229
schools and 973,380 pupils; public congregationist instruction
loses 5,218 schools and 550,639 pupils. On the other hand, private
congregationist instruction gains 3,790 schools and 413,979 pupils."]

[Footnote 63105: Turlin, ibid, p. 61. (M. Turlin enumerates "104,765
functionaries," to which must be added the teaching, administrative and
auxiliary staff of teachers of the 173 normal schools and their 3000
pupils, all gratuitous). (In 1994 there were 247 000 primary school
teachers (instituteurs) in public schools in France. Taine could not
foresee that the French schools and universities should become an
enormous industry, the number of teachers and universities multiplied by
ten and the number of government functionaries multiplied by 20 and that
the annual 50 000 vacancies should find more than a million candidates,
the young overeducated persons dreaming of becoming functionaries and
hence "safe" for life. (SR.))]

[Footnote 63106: In this respect, very instructive indications may be
found in the autobiography of Jules Vales, "l'Enfant," "le Bachelier,"
and "l'Insurge." Since 1871, not only in literature do the successful
works of men of talent but, again, the abortive attempts of impotent
innovators and blasted half-talents, converge to this point."]

End of The Modern Regime, Volume 2, End of The Origins of Contemporary
France, Volume 6

End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Origins of Contemporary France,
Volume 6 (of 6), by Hippolyte A. Taine

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MODERN REGIME V2 ***

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