ination of about 1 in 20, but when the sand was mixed
with shells these formed a coating which prevented the stream of water
from washing out the shoot, and even with an inclination of 1 in 10
material could not be delivered. A pair of endless chains working down
the long shoot overcame the difficulty, and also enabled hard clay in
lumps to be dealt with. One dredger turned out about 2000 cub. yds. of
thick clay in 15 hours, and when the clay was not hard it could deliver
150,000 cub. yds. in a month for several consecutive months.

Shore delivery has been successfully effected by raising the material by
buckets in the ordinary way and delivering it into a vertical cylinder
connected with floating jointed pipes through which the dredgings pass
to the shore. This, of course, can only be done where the place of
deposit is near the spot where the material is dredged. Two plans have
been satisfactorily employed for this operation. At the Amsterdam Canal
the stuff was discharged from the buckets into a vertical cylinder, and
after being mingled with water by a revolving Woodford pump was sent off
under a head of pressure of 4 or 5 ft. to the place of deposit in a
semi-fluid state through pipes made of timber, hooped with iron. These
wooden pipes were made in lengths of about 15 ft., connected with
leather joints, and floated on the surface of the water. A somewhat
similar process was also employed on the Suez Canal.

A dredger (Plate I. fig. 5), constructed by Messrs Hunter & English
for reclamation works on Lake Copais in Greece was fitted with
delivery belts running on rollers in steel lattice frames on each side
of the vessel supported by masts and ropes. It could deliver 100 cub.
metres per hour at 85 ft. from the centre of the dredger, at a cost of
1.82d. per cub. metre for working expenses, with coal at 45s. per ton,
including 0.66d. per cub. metre for renewal of belts, upon which the
wear and tear was heavy.

Another instance of the successful application of shore delivery
apparatus is that of a dredger for Lake Titicaca, Peru, constructed by
Messrs Hunter & English, which was fitted with long shoots on both
sides, conveying the dredged material about 100 ft. from the centre of
the dredger upon either side. The shoots were supported by shear-legs
and ropes, and were supplied with water from a centrifugal pump in the
engine room. This dredger could excavate and deliver 120 cub. yds. per