ygonatum biflorum.=

9b. Leaves smooth beneath; filaments smooth, inserted at the middle of
the perianth tube (5-15 dm. high)
=Great Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum commutatum.=

10a. Leaves distinctly clasping the stem; flowers greenish-white
=Twisted-stalk, Streptopus amplexifolius.=

10b. Leaves closely sessile; flowers reddish to purple --11.

11a. Rootstock short and thick; berries spherical
=Twisted-stalk, Streptopus roseus.=

11b. Rootstock long and slender; berries 3-angled
=Twisted-stalk, Streptopus longipes.=

12a. Perianth-segments 5-12 cm. long --13.

12b. Perianth-segments shorter than 5 cm. --19.

13a. Leaves all or chiefly basal, stem-leaves bract-like or none --14.

13b. Leaves chiefly or entirely on the stem --15.

14a. Leaves numerous, linear or sword-shape (flowers orange,
summer) =Day Lily, Hemerocallis fulva.=

14b. Leaves a single pair, oblong or lanceolate --21.

15a. Leaves a single whorl of 3 (Wake Robin, Trillium) --22.

15b. Leaves numerous (6-12 dm. high; flowers yellow, orange, or red, in
summer) (Lily) --16.

16a. Flowers erect --17.

16b. Flowers nodding --18.

17a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 6-15 mm. wide, mostly whorled
=Wood Lily, Lilium philadelphicum.=

17b. Leaves linear, 5 mm. wide or less, almost all alternate
=Wood Lily, Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum.=

18a. Perianth-segments strongly revolute
=Turk's-cap Lily, Lilium superbum.=

18b. Perianth-segments half-recurved
=Yellow Lily, Lilium canadense.=

19a. Flower solitary --20.

19b. Flowers in clusters, not solitary --31.

20a. Stem with a single pair of basal leaves (Dog's-tooth Violet)
--21.

20b. Stem with a single whorl of 3 leaves (1-3 dm. high; spring)
(Wake Robin, Trillium) --22.

20c. Stem leafy (Bellwort) --29.

21a. Perianth yellow =Dog's-tooth Violet, Erythronium americanum.=

21b. Perianth white, bluish, or pinkish
=Dog's-tooth Violet, Erythronium albidum.=

22a. Flower sessile, red or brown --23.

22b. Flower peduncled, white or pink, rarely red --24.