. From a limited point of
view; and 7. From a rigidly restricted point of view.

3. Imagine a fictitious event; and write two distinct themes, in one
of which this event is recounted personally, and in the other
impersonally.

SUGGESTED READING

Read the most important works of fiction that have been mentioned in
this chapter.

CHAPTER VIII

EMPHASIS IN NARRATIVE

Essential and Contributory Features--Art Distinguishes Between the
Two by Emphasis--Many Technical Devices: 1. Emphasis by Terminal
Position; 2. Emphasis by Initial Position; 3. Emphasis by Pause
[Further Discussion of Emphasis by Position]; 4. Emphasis by
Direct Proportion; 5. Emphasis by Inverse Proportion; 6. Emphasis
by Iteration; 7. Emphasis by Antithesis; 8. Emphasis by Climax; 9.
Emphasis by Surprise; 10. Emphasis by Suspense; 11. Emphasis by
Imitative Movement.

=Essential and Contributory Features.=--The features of any object
that we contemplate may with intelligent judgment be divided into two
classes, according as they are inherently essential, or else merely
contributory, to the existence of that object as an individual entity.
If any one of its inherently essential features should be altered,
that object would cease to be itself and would become another object;
but if any or all of its merely contributory features should be
changed, the object would still retain its individuality, however much
its aspect might be altered. And in general it may be said that we do
not understand an object until we are able to set intelligently in one
group or the other every feature it presents to our attention.

=Art Distinguishes Between the Two by Emphasis.=--In contemplating
natural objects, it is often difficult to distinguish those features
which are merely contributory from those which are inherently
essential; but it ought not to be difficult to do so in contemplating
a work of art. For it is possible for the artist--in fact it is
incumbent upon him--to help the observer to distinguish clearly
between the essential and the contributory details of the object he
has fabricated. By employing certain technical expedients in
exhibiting his work, the artist is able to communicate to the observer
his own intelligent distinction between its more important, and its
less important, features. He does this by casting emphasis upon the
necessary details and gathering out of emphasis the subsidiary ones.

The importance of the