s. The
German states at once set about to remedy this weakness in this respect,
and since that time have so persistently established museums and schools
for industrial art training that now there is no important city in the
Empire which does not possess one or more of these institutions".

Considerable variety exists among the various types of art schools and
even among those belonging in the same class and separated as to
location we find differences. In Leipzig, Saxony, for example the
Kunstgewerbeschule aims at the graphic arts mainly. In Berlin, Dresden,
Carlsruhe, and certain other cities these schools train for sculptors
and painters, and the term "Akademie" is frequently applied to these
institutions. They are in fact, art trade schools whose main purpose,
while yet industrial, is also the instilling of an artistic feeling into
industrial work. They reach on and out from the trade school and up to
the institutions for the teaching of the fine arts. They are then a
middle grade of applied art schools.

The genesis of the industrial art schools really lies in the
establishment of museums of industrial art. The museums were an
inspiring and energizing force, for here the best work could be
exhibited and studied. The municipality and general government financed
the movement for the museums. Schools sprang up in connection with the
museums and later, independent art schools were established.

A moderate fee is charged those who pursue work here, twenty to forty
marks yearly. Candidates must have had practical experience in the line
of work they propose to take up, and both these schools and the
so-called industrial drawing courses assume a certain proficiency on the
part of the candidates; a proficiency in general subjects and in
drawing particularly. An examination is given those who cannot present
the desired credentials. The length of the courses in these schools is
usually three years. The classes are both day and evening, 8 A. M. to 4
P. M. and from 5 to 10 P. M. In some instances Sunday sessions are held
also.

The courses consist of architectural designing in wood and metal, metal
engraving and chasing, modeling, steel engraving and etching, design for
fabrics, pattern designing, artistic embroidery, decorative painting,
enamel painting, designing and painting figures and plants. The work
throughout is both theoretical and practical in its nature, the
instruction gained in the class being applied in the sho