urs spent in the developing or supplementary schools
from the practical character of the instruction given and the
information imparted, than to the many years spent in the common
schools. While one is hardly willing to believe this, there can be no
doubt of the good work done, and being done, by the schools referred
to."

The Handwerkschulen in Berlin are very similar to Fortbildungsschulen in
Leipzig for example. These schools have seen a marvelous development
during the past few years. They have a technical quality, giving much
attention to drawing. The sessions are in the evening, eight hours per
week, the fee being six marks the half year. They are attended by
journeymen and apprentices who come recommended by their employers. In
connection with these schools various Sunday classes are conducted
throughout the city, each center specializing along certain trade lines.

The Berlin Handwerker Verein is a type of continuation school, sustained
not by the state but by an association. The Verein, founded in 1859, has
for its object the promotion of general culture, a partial knowledge at
least of the several callings represented, and good manners (gute
Sitten). The moral and ethical elements are not lacking. Here public
lectures of real merit are given, together with music, gymnastics, and
instruction in general and technical subjects. Boys of good character,
over seventeen years of age, are admitted. The families of the boys in
attendance are also allowed to avail themselves of such general
exercises, lectures, music, etc., as the school offers.

What may also be styled as belonging in a sense in the continuation
school category is the German Association for the Diffusion of Popular
Education, with headquarters in Berlin. Branches of this association are
scattered throughout various parts of the Empire.

In the year 1869, the industrial code provided that all boys under
eighteen years of age might, at the discretion of the local authorities,
be compelled to attend school. It is thus evident that the local or
State authority was here consulted, rather than the General Government.
At the present time however, when the adjustment of this matter is not
in the hands of local authority, the employer must, if those engaged
with him desire so to do, allow such boys to attend school at their
option. In some States however, Saxony, Bavaria, Hesse and Baden,
compulsory school laws are in force among all boys fourteen to eightee