rformer of Richard III. Condell was a comedian,
part-proprietor of the Globe Theatre; it is to him and Heminge we are
indebted for the first complete edition of Shakspere's works, the folio
of 1623.

[144-*] Motley's "Rise of the Dutch Republic."

[147-*] In the Koran this wild version of the story occurs:--"Solomon
entrusted his signet with one of his concubines, which the devil
obtained from her, and sat on the throne in Solomon's shape. After forty
days the devil departed, and threw the ring into the sea. The signet was
swallowed by a fish, which being caught and given to Solomon, the ring
was found in its belly, and thus he recovered his kingdom."--SALE'S
_Koran_, chap. xxxviii.

ANCIENT BROOCHES AND DRESS FASTENINGS.

ANCIENT BROOCHES AND DRESS FASTENINGS.

Every artist who paints an historical picture knows the difficulty of
obtaining the necessary _minutiae_, in order to give _vraisemblance_ to
his picture, as the authorities are widely scattered, and can only be
brought together by those who know where to look for them; for often
they lie hidden in illuminated MSS., or in books of considerable rarity,
seldom looked at by the general reader, and only fully appreciated by
literary men and students. We propose to show how varied and curious the
history of any article of dress becomes if studied carefully, and how
such minor details indicate clearly defined periods, as faithfully as
any other historic _data_ left for our guidance.

The use of the fibula, or brooch, was, in all probability, first adopted
by men to secure the outer cloak upon the shoulders. It originated among
the ancient Greeks, and appears to have been considered as a
characteristic of Greek costume, even after it had long been adopted by
the Romans, as may be understood from a passage of Suetonius in his life
of Augustus. "He distributed among various other persons, togae and
pallia, and made a law that the Romans should wear the Greek habit, and
the Greeks the Roman habit;" that is, that the Greeks should wear the
toga, and the Romans the pallium. Now, though it is certain that the
pallium, or cloak, was peculiar to the Greeks, and that many authors,
besides Suetonius, testify the same, yet it is as evident that this
article of dress became afterwards the common habit of Greeks and
Romans.

[Illustration: Fig. 201.]

The earliest form in which we meet with a fibula is that of a circular
disc, having a pin crossing it behind