e movement on its
environment. I first differentiate Socialism from other movements that
seem to resemble it either in their phrases or their programs of reform,
then give an account of the movement from within, without attempting to
show unity where it does not exist, or disguising the fact that some of
its factions are essentially anti-Socialist rather than Socialist, and
finally, show how all distinctively Socialist activities lead directly
to a revolutionary outcome.

I am indebted to numerous persons, Socialists and anti-Socialists, who
during the twelve years in which I have been gathering material--in
nearly all the countries mentioned--have assisted me in my work. But I
must make special mention of the very careful reading of the whole
manuscript by Mr. J. G. Phelps Stokes, and of the numerous and vital
changes made at his suggestion.

CONTENTS

PAGE
PREFACE v

INTRODUCTION ix

PART I

"STATE SOCIALISM" AND AFTER

CHAPTER
I. THE CAPITALIST REFORM PROGRAM 1
II. THE NEW CAPITALISM 16
III. THE POLITICS OF THE NEW CAPITALISM 32
IV. "STATE SOCIALISM" AND LABOR 46
V. COMPULSORY ARBITRATION 66
VI. AGRARIAN "STATE SOCIALISM" IN AUSTRALASIA 85
VII. "EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY" 97
VIII. THE "FIRST STEP" TOWARDS SOCIALISM 108

PART II

THE POLITICS OF SOCIALISM

I. "STATE SOCIALISM" WITHIN THE MOVEMENT 117
II. "REFORMISM" IN FRANCE, ITALY, AND BELGIUM 131
III. "LABORISM" IN GREAT BRITAIN 146
IV. "REFORMISM" IN THE UNITED STATES 175
V. REFORM BY MENACE OF REVOLUTION 210
VI. REVOLUTIONARY POLITICS 231
VII. THE REVOLUTIONARY TREND 248

PART III

SOCIALISM IN ACTION

I. SOCIALISM AND THE "CLASS STRUGGLE" 276
II. THE AGRICULTURAL CLASSES AND THE LAND QUESTION 30