cularly the children of the workers, with a spirit of
revolt against armies, war, and aggressive patriotism, as well as the
spirit of servile obedience, the ignorance, and the brutality that
invariably accompany them.[280]

For a number of years the fight against militarism, and incidentally
against possible wars, has occupied the chief attention of international
Socialist congresses. While the Stuttgart Congress (1907) did not accept
the proposal of the French delegates that in case of war an
international strike and insurrection should be declared, the closing
part of the resolution adopted was definitely intended to suggest such
action by rehearsing with approval the various cases where the working
people had already made steps in that direction, and by advising still
more revolutionary action in the future, as indicated in the words
italicized.

"The International," it said, "is unable to prescribe one set mode
of action to the working classes; this must of necessity be
different in different lands, varying with time and place. But it
is clearly its duty to encourage the working classes everywhere in
their opposition to militarism. As a matter of fact, since the last
International Congress, the working classes have adopted various
ways of fighting militarism, by refusing grants for military and
naval armaments, and by striving to organize armies on democratic
lines. They have been successful in preventing outbreaks of war, or
in putting an end to existing war, or the rumor of war. We may
mention the agreement entered into between the English and French
trade-unions after the Fashoda incident, for the purpose of
maintaining peace and for reestablishing friendly relations between
England and France; the policy of the Social-Democratic parties in
the French and German Parliaments during the Morocco crisis, and
the peaceful declarations which the Socialists in both countries
sent each other; the common action of the Austrian and Italian
Socialists, gathered at Trieste, with a view to avoiding a conflict
between the two powers; the great efforts made by the Socialists of
Sweden to prevent an attack on Norway; and lastly, the heroic
sacrifices made by the Socialist workers and peasants of Russia and
Poland in the struggle against the war demon let loose by the Czar,
in their efforts to put an end to their