hurch of Spain first received the faith from Rome, as pope
Innocent I. Informs us. (Ep. ad. Decent.) Whence St. Isidore says
their divine office was instituted by St. Peter, (l. l, c. 15, Eccl.
Offic.) Their ceremonies and discipline, as of fasting on Saturdays,
and other rites mentioned in their councils, are Roman. And the
Roman liturgy was used in Africa beyond Spain. But the Goths used a
liturgy formed by Ulphilas from the Orientals. St. Leander is said
to have compiled a liturgy from both, and also from the Gaulish and
oriental liturgies: St. Isidore and St. Ildefonse perfected it. When
the Saracens or Arabians became masters of Spain, the Christians of
that country were called Mixt-Arabs, and their liturgy, Mozarabic.
In the eleventh and twelfth centuries this liturgy gave place to the
Roman. Cardinal Ximenes re-established the daily use of the
Mozarabic in a chapel of the cathedral of Toledo: it is also used in
the same city by seven old Mozarabic churches, but on the days of
their patrons only. See Le Brun, liturg. t. 2, p. 272. F. Flores
thinks the Mozarabic liturgy was that of the Roman and African
churches retained by St. Leander, without any alteration or mixture
from the Orientals, except certain very inconsiderable rites. See
his Spans. Sagrada, t. 3, Diss. de la Missa Antigua de Espagna,
pp.187, 198, &c. But though it much resembles it, we are assured by
F. Burriel, the learned Jesuit, in his letter on the literary
monuments found in Spain, that in some parts there are considerable
differences. We shall be fully informed of this, also what masses
were added by St. Ildefonse, and of other curious particulars, when
we are favored with the collections he has made from the Gothic MSS.
in Spain on this subject, and the new edition of all the liturgies
of Christian churches which the Assemani are preparing at Rome in
fifteen volumes folio. The Mozarabic liturgy has been printed at
Rome in folio, by the care of F. Leeley, a Scotch Jesuit.

SS. JULIAN, CHRONION, AND BESAS, MM.

WHEN the persecution of Decius filled the city of Alexandria with dread
and terror, many, especially among the nobles, the rich, and those who
held any places in the state, sacrificed to idols, but pale and
trembling, so as to show they had neither courage to die, nor heart to
sacrifice. Several generous soldiers repaired the