,
and the, present houses of Saxony, Brandenburg, &c., as may be seen in
the German genealogists. Some other Saxons afterwards revolted, and were
vanquished and punished in 794, 798, &c., so that, through their
repeated treachery and rebellions, this Saxon war continued at intervals
for the space of thirty-three years. Thassillon, duke of Bavaria, for
treasonable practices, was attacked by Charlemagne in 788, vanquished,
and obliged to put on a monk's cowl to save his life: from which time
Bavaria was annexed to Charlemagne's dominions. To punish the Abares for
their inroads, he crossed the Inns into their territories, sacked
Vienna, and marched to the mouth of the Raab, upon the Danube. In 794,
he assisted at the great council of Frankfort, held in his royal palace
there. He restored Leo III. at Rome, quelled the seditions there, and
was crowned by him on Christmas-day, in 800, emperor of Rome and of the
West: in which quality he was afterwards solemnly acknowledged by
Nicephorus, emperor of Constantinople. Thus was the western empire
restored, which had been extinct in Momylus Agustulus in the fifth
century. In 805, Charlemagne quelled and conquered the Sclavonians. The
Danube, {288} the Teisse, and the Oder on the East, and the Ebro and the
ocean on the West, were the boundaries of his vast dominions. France,
Germany, Dacia, Dalmatia, Istria, Italy, and part of Pannonia and Spain,
obeyed his laws. It was then customary for kings not to reside in great
cities, but to pass the summer often in progresses or campaigns, and the
winter at some country palace. King Pepin resided at Herstal, now Jopin,
in the territory of Liege, and sometimes at Quiercy on the Oise:
Charlemagne often at Frankfort or Aix-la-Chapelle, which were country
seats; for those towns were then inconsiderable places: though the
latter had been founded by Serenas Granus in 124, under Adrian. It owes
its greatness to the church built there by Charlemagne.

This prince was not less worthy of our admiration in the quality of a
legislator than in that of a conqueror; and in the midst of his marches
and victories, he gave the utmost attention to the wise government of
his dominions, and to every thing that could promote the happiness of
his people, the exaltation of the church, and the advancement of piety
and every branch of sacred and useful learning.[1] What pains he took
for the reformation of monasteries, and for the sake of uniformity
introducing in th