ine which has been made by several makers consists of an
ordinary rectangular dye-vat surrounded with a framework carrying a
number of sets of endless chains, the links of which carry fingers.
The hanks of yarn are hung on rods at one end of which is a tooth (p. 050)
wheel that when in position fits into a rack on the side of the vat.
The action of the machine is this, the hanks are hung on the rods and
placed at the entrance end of the vat, by the moving of the chains it
is carried along the vat and at the same time revolves, thus turning
over the yarn, which hangs in the dye-liquor; when it reaches the
opposite end of the vat, the rod full of yarn is lifted out, carried
upwards and then towards the other end of the vat when it is again
dropped into the dye-vat to go through the same cycle of movements
which is continued until the yarn is properly dyed.

#Piece Dyeing Machines.#--Wherever it is possible it is far more
preferable to dye textile fabrics in the form of woven pieces rather
than in the yarn from which they are woven. During the process of
weaving it is quite impossible to avoid the material getting dirty and
somewhat greasy, and the operations of scouring necessary to remove
this dirt and grease has an impairing action on the colour if dyed
yarns have been used in weaving it. This is avoided when the pieces
are woven first and dyed afterwards, and this can always be done when
the cloths are dyed in one colour only. Of course when the goods are
fancy goods containing several colours they have to be woven from dyed
yarns.

The most common form of machine in which pieces are dyed is the
jigger, commonly called the jig, this is shown in figure 16. It
consists of a dye-vessel made long, sufficiently so to take the piece
full width, wide at the top, narrow at the bottom. At the top on each
side is placed a large winding roller on which the cloth is wound. At
the bottom of the jig is placed a guide roller round which passes the
cloth. In some makes of jigs there are two guide rollers at the bottom
and one at the top as shown in the illustration, so that the cloth
passes several times through the dye-liquor. In working the cloth is
first wound on one of the rollers then threaded through the guide (p. 051)
rollers and attached to the other winding roller. When this is done
dye-liquor is run into the jig, and the gearing set in motion, and the
cloth wound from the full on to the empty roller. With the object of
k