ew revolution to save the situation and to maintain
order. The country was everywhere the scene of riotous disturbances.
Anarchists, radicals, and monarchists seemed to be working hand-in-hand
to precipitate a reign of terror, when once more Kerensky saved the
situation. On July 20th, it was announced that the Premier, Prince Lvov,
had resigned, and that Alexander Kerensky had been appointed Premier,
but would also retain his portfolio as Minister of War.

A new government was quickly formed. Kerensky was made practical
Dictator, and his government received the complete endorsement of a
joint Congress of the Soviets and the Council of peasant delegates.
Kerensky acted with the utmost vigor. Orders were given to fire on
deserters and warrants issued for the arrest of revolutionary agitators
whoever they might be. Rear-Admiral Verdervski, commander of the Baltic
fleet, was seized for communicating a secret government telegram to
sailors' committees. Agitators from the Soviet were arrested, charged
with inciting the Peterhof troops against the Federal Government. On
July 22d, the following resolution was passed by the joint Congress.

Recognizing that the country is menaced by a military debacle on the
front and by anarchy at home, it is resolved:

1. That the country and the revolution are in danger.

2. That the Provisional Government is proclaimed the Government of
National Safety.

3. That unlimited powers are accorded the government for re-establishing
the organization and discipline of the army for a fight to a finish
against the enemies of public order, and for the realization of the
whole program embodied in the governmental program just announced.

The reorganization of the Councils of the All-Russia, and Workmen's and
Peasants' Organizations on the 23d, issued a ringing address to the army
denouncing its mutinous spirit and warning it of the inevitable result.
The Provisional Government also issued a proclamation on July 22d,
charging that the disorders were precipitated to bring about a
counter-revolution by the enemies of the country. But the army was
demoralized. It disregarded discipline and refused to recognize military
rule. A general retreat followed. The Germans and Austrians steadily
advanced through Galicia and crossed the frontier before the Russian
armies could be forced to make a stand.

The death penalty for treason or mutiny was restored in the army on July
25th, when Kerensk