many withdrew in 1915, Tsingtao
was an important trading port with a population of 275,000.

kine
Plural of cow.

kultur
German culture and civilization as idealized by the exponents of
German imperialism during the Hohenzollern and Nazi regimes.

lighterage
Transportation of goods on a lighter (large flatbottom barge used to
deliver or unload goods to or from a cargo ship or transport goods
over short distances.)

lyddite
An explosive consisting chiefly of picric acid, a poisonous, explosive
yellow crystalline solid, C6H2(NO2)3OH.

mitrailleuse
Machine gun.

morganatic
Marriage between a person of royal birth and a partner of lower rank,
where no titles or estates of the royal partner are to be shared by
the partner of inferior rank nor by any of the offspring.

nugatory
Of little or no importance; trifling; invalid.

pastils
Small medicated or flavored tablet; tablet containing aromatic
substances burned to fumigate or deodorize the air; pastel paste or
crayon.

poilus
French soldier, especially in World War I.

pourparler
Discussion preliminary to negotiation.

prorogue
Discontinue a session of parliament; postpone; defer.

punctilio
Fine point of etiquette; precise observance of formalities.

rinderpest
Contagious viral disease, chiefly of cattle, causing ulceration of the
alimentary tract and diarrhea.

Sublime Porte
[French. Porte: a gate] Ottoman court; government of the Turkish
empire; from the gate of the sultan's palace.

Tsing-tao (Qing-dao)
City in eastern China on the Yellow Sea, north-northwest of Shanghai.
The city was leased in 1898 to the Germans, who established a famous
brewery.

Uhlans
Horse cavalry of the Polish, German, Austrian, and Russian armies.

ukase
Order or decree; an edict; proclamation of a czar having the force of
law in imperial Russia.

verbund
[German] Interconnection.

Wipers
British soldiers' pronunciation of "Ypres".

Zemstvos
An elective council for the administration of a provincial district in
czarist Russia.

[End Transcriber's notes]

[Illustration: THE VICTORIOUS GENERALS; photographs]
General Foch, Commander-in-Chief of all Allied forces. General
Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American armies. Field Marshal
Haig, head of the British armies. General d'Esperey (French) to whom
Bulgaria surrendered. General Diaz, Commander-in-Chief of the Italian