ht-measure phrases, mixing the first and fourth species.

CANTI FIRMI

[Illustration: Fig. 72.]

LESSON VIII

COMBINING THE FOURTH SPECIES WITH THE OTHERS

All previous rules for combining species still apply.

In combining the fourth species with other than the first, the following
intervals may be used on the first half of the measure, in addition to
those mentioned in Lesson VI: When the counterpoint is below, the fourth,
fifth and seventh in suspension, and the ninth in retardation; and when
above, the fifth in suspension, and the seventh in retardation; but in
every such case the part having other than the fourth species must skip to
some other chord-tone before resolving the suspension. [Fig. 73.]

[Illustration: Fig. 73.]

The leading-tone may be doubled as in Fig. 74. Here the leading-tone that
is prepared skips to some other chord-tone, while the new leading-tone
remains stationary.

[Illustration: Fig. 74.]

The minor or diminished seventh, major or minor ninth, may be used as
preparation of a suspension in either part, provided it is approached by a
skip in an upward direction, and is consonant with the other part, or is
one of the permitted dissonances. [Fig. 75.]

[Illustration: Fig. 75.]

The fourth species may be combined with the second or third species, and
two or three notes syncopated may be written in one part with six in the
other. [Fig. 76.]

[Illustration: Fig. 76.]

EXERCISES

To the cantus firmus write one counterpoint above and one below, in the
fourth species.

Write one eight-measure phrase each, of the following combinations: The
fourth species with the second; the fourth with the third; two notes
syncopated against six notes; and three notes syncopated against six notes.
Write some in major and some in minor. [Fig. 76.]

CANTUS FIRMUS

[Illustration: Fig. 77.]

LESSON IX

FIFTH SPECIES: FLORID COUNTERPOINT

[Illustration: Fig. 78.]

Florid counterpoint is a mixture of the second, third and fourth species.

In addition to these species eighth-notes may be used in groups of two on
the second and fourth quarters of the measure. Both notes should be
approached and left stepwise, with the exception that the first may be
taken by a skip. [Fig. 79.]

[Illustration: Fig. 79.]

Not more than one and one-half measures of any one species should be used
continuously in one part. [Fig. 80.]

[Illustration: Fig. 80.]

In the use of quarter-notes