parts. [Fig. 92_c_.]

[Illustration: Fig. 92.]

All cadences used in harmony are good.

Unless otherwise mentioned, put the cantus firmus in any part, but avoid
its continued use in the same part.

EXERCISES

To canti firmi _a_ and _b_ write the first species in all parts. Write each
three times, setting the cantus firmus in a different part in each
solution. This necessitates transposing the cantus firmus, when setting it
in the other parts.

CANTI FIRMI

[Illustration: Fig. 93.]

LESSON XII

THE SECOND SPECIES

[Illustration: Fig. 94.]

The second species is written in one part and the first in the other two.

All suggestions made for the second species in two-part counterpoint are
to be observed, unless otherwise mentioned. Those regarding consecutive
perfect intervals are especially to be observed.

The fifth, when in the lowest voice, should be used as in two-part
counterpoint, except when used in V4/3 or the cadencing tonic six-four
chord.

The V4/3 chord may be used on the weak beat, necessitating the omission of
the third. [Fig. 95_a_.]

The third may be omitted (_b_), or doubled (_c_), on the weak beat in this
and succeeding species. [Fig. 95.]

[Illustration: Fig. 95.]

The minor or diminished seventh may be approached by a skip in an upward
direction on the weak beat in any part. This usually necessitates the
omission of some other chord-member on the weak beat.

The major or minor ninth may also be used in the same way, except in the
lowest part, provided it is at least a ninth above the root. [Fig. 96.]

[Illustration: Fig. 96.]

The progression from vii_6 deg. to V in root-position or any inversion in the
same measure, is good. [Fig. 97.] Use _b_ and _c_ only when using other
than first species in two or more parts.

[Illustration: Fig. 97.]

Each measure should usually contain a complete chord. If not complete on
the first beat, bring the missing interval in on the second. [Fig. 98.]

[Illustration: Fig. 98.]

The cadences in Fig. 99 are good, and will suggest others. The use of the
fourth species is permitted as at _a_. A note may be repeated in the final
cadence in all species as at _b_.

[Illustration: Fig. 99.]

EXERCISES

To cantus firmus _a_ write the first species in all parts, as previously
directed.

To cantus firmus _b_ write second species in one part. Write three times,
changing cantus firmus and counterpoint about so that they will appear i