ILKENNY.]

FOOTNOTES:

[349] _Carte_.--See his _Life of the Duke of Ormonde_, folio edition, p.
7.

[350] _Ormonde_.--The name Ormonde is intended to represent the Irish
appellative _Ur-Mhumhain_, or Eastern Munster. This part of the country
was the inheritance of _Cairbre Musc_.

[351] _Palatine_.--The Lords-Palatine were endowed with extraordinary
power, and were able to exercise a most oppressive tyranny over the
people under their government.

[352] _Execution_.--Bermingham was related to De Lucy, which perhaps
induced him to deal more harshly with him. De Lucy's Viceroyalty might
otherwise have been popular, as he had won the affections of the people
by assisting them during a grievous famine. See page 329 for an
illustration of the scene of this tragedy.

[353] _Carrickfergus_.--See illustration at the commencement of this
chapter.

[354] _Elizabeth_.--This lady was married to Lionel, third son of Edward
III., in 1352. This prince was created in her right Earl of Ulster. The
title and estates remained in possession of different members of the
royal family, until they became the special inheritance of the crown in
the reign of Edward IV.

[355] _Coigne and livery_.--This was an exaction of money, food, and
entertainment for the soldiers, and fodder for their horses. A tax of a
similar kind existed among the ancient Irish; but it was part of the
ordinary tribute paid to the chief, and therefore was not considered an
exaction.

[356] _Unsuccessful_.--_Ireland, Historical and Statistical_, vol. i. p.
200.

[357] _Law_.--_Irish History and Irish Character_, p. 69.

[358] _Favour_.--_Ibid_. p. 70.

[359] _Irish law_.--A considerable amount of testimony might be produced
to prove that the Irish were and are peculiarly a law-loving people;
but, in the words of the writer above-quoted, "a people cannot be
expected to love and reverence oppression, because it is consigned to a
statute-book, and called law."--p. 71. The truth is, that it was and is
obviously the interest of English writers to induce themselves to
believe that Irish discontent and rebellion were caused by anything or
everything but English oppression and injustice. Even in the present day
the Irish are supposed to be naturally discontented and rebellious,
because they cannot submit silently to be expelled from their farms
without any compensation or any other means of support, either from
political or religious motives, and because they objec