and well-written history. When Irishmen support such
works, they must not blame their neighbours across the Channel for
accepting them as truthful histories.

[338] _Shooting_.--Four Masters, vol. iii. p. 435. These champions
appear to have been very famous. They are mentioned in the Annals of
Ulster and in the Annals of Clonmacnois, with special commendations for
their skill. The following year O'Dowda was killed by Adam Cusack. It is
hoped that he is not the same person as "the Cusack" whom he had
assisted just before.

[339] _Horses_.--As votaries of the turf maybe interested in knowing the
appellations of equine favourites in the thirteenth century, we subjoin
a sample of their names: Lynst, Jourdan, Feraunt de Trim, Blanchard de
Londres, Connetable, Obin the Black, &c.

[340] _Progress_.--The following passage is taken from a work published
a few years ago. It is not a work of any importance, but it had some
circulation in its day; and like many other works then published, was
calculated to do immense mischief, by quoting the false statements of
Cambrensis as authority, and by giving grotesque sketches of Irish
character, which were equally untrue. The writer says: "They [the Irish
chieftains] opposed the introduction of English law, because they had a
direct interest in encouraging murder and theft." The fact was, as we
have shown, that the Irish did their best to obtain the benefit of
English law; but the English nobles who ruled Ireland would not permit
it, unquestionably "because _they_ had a direct interest encouraging
murder and theft."

[341] _Calculating_.--We derived the word from _calculus_, a white
stone, the Romans having used small white stones for arithmetical
purposes. Probably they taught this custom to the aboriginal English,
whose descendants retained it long after.

[342] _Notched_.--Quite as primitive an arrangement as the _quipus_, and
yet used in a condition of society called civilized.

[343] _Salary_.--The value may be estimated by the current price of
provisions: cows from 5s. to 13s. 4d. each; heifers, 3s. 4d. to 5s.;
sheep, 8d. to 1s.; ordinary horses, 13s. 4d. to 40s.; pigs, 1s. 6d. to
2s.; salmon, 6d. each; wheat, corn, and malt varied with the produce of
the season. Most of the details given above have been taken from Mr.
Gilbert's _Viceroys_.

[344] _Carbury_.--Extensive ruins still mark the site.

[345] _Oppression_.--The original Latin is preserved by Fordun.
Translations