ery
successful, and that the lower order of Irish were not at all below the
English of the same class in education or refinement. "The moans of the
sick were drowned by the blasphemy and ribaldry of their companions.
Sometimes, seated on the body of a wretch who had died in the morning,
might be seen a wretch destined to die before night, cursing, singing
loose songs, and swallowing usquebaugh to the health of the devil. When
the corpses were taken away to be buried, the survivors grumbled. A dead
man, they said, was a good screen and a good stool. Why, when there was
so abundant a supply of such useful articles of furniture, were people
to be exposed to the cold air, and forced to crouch on the moist
ground?"--Macaulay's _History of England_, People's Ed. part viii. p.
88.

[541] _Eminence_.--Journal of Captain Davis, published in the _Ulster
Archaeological Journal_, vol. iv.

[542] _Twenty thousand_.--Captain Davis' Journal.

[543] _Shoulder_.--Davis' Journal The coat was exhibited at the meeting
of the British Association in Belfast, in 1852. It had descended as an
heirloom through Colonel Wetherall, William's aide-de-camp, who took it
off him after the accident.

[544] _Career_.--_History of the King's Inns_, p. 239.

[545] _Been.--Life of William III_. p. 327.

[546] _Charge_.--See the _Green Book_, p. 231, for some curious stories
about this engagement, and for a detailed account of St. Ruth's death.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Formation of the Irish Brigade--Violation of the Treaty of
Limerick--Enactment of the Penal Laws--Restrictions on Trade--The
Embargo Laws--The Sacramental Test introduced--The Palatines--The Irish
forbidden to enlist in the Army--Dean Swift and the Drapier's
Letters--Attempts to form a Catholic Association--Irish Emigrants defeat
the English in France, Spain, and America--The Whiteboys--An Account of
the Cause of these Outrages, by an English Tourist--Mr. Young's Remedy
for Irish Disaffection--The Peculiar Position and Difficulties of Irish
Priests--The Judicial Murder of Father Nicholas Sheehy--Grattan's Demand
for Irish Independence--The Volunteers--A Glimpse of Freedom.

[A.D. 1691-1783.]

St. John's Gate and the Irish outworks were surrendered to the English;
the English town was left for the Irish troops to occupy until their
departure for France. The men were to have their choice whether they
would serve under William III. or under the French. A few days after
they were must