le_.--Maguire's _Irish in America_, p. 355: "It would seem as
if they instinctively arrayed themselves in hostility to the British
power; a fact to be explained alike by their love of liberty, and _their
vivid remembrance of recent or past misgovernment_." The italics are our
own. The penal laws were enacted with the utmost rigour against
Catholics in the colonies, and the only place of refuge was Maryland,
founded by the Catholic Lord Baltimore. Here there was liberty of
conscience for all, but here only. The sects who had fled to America to
obtain "freedom to worship God," soon manifested their determination
that no one should have liberty of conscience except themselves, and
gave the lie to their own principles, by persecuting each other for the
most trifling differences of opinion on religious questions, in the
cruelest manner. Cutting off ears, whipping, and maiming were in
constant practice. See Maguire's _Irish in America_, p. 349; Lucas'
_Secularia_, pp. 220-246.

[566] _Irishman_.--See Cooper's _Naval History_.

[567] _England_.--He wrote to Thompson, from London, saying that he
could effect nothing: "The sun of liberty is set; we must now light up
the candles of industry." The Secretary replied, with Celtic vehemence:
"Be assured we shall light up torches of a very different kind." When
the Catholics of the United States sent up their celebrated Address to
Washington, in 1790, he alludes in one part of his reply to the immense
assistance obtained from them in effecting the Revolution: "I presume
that your fellow-citizens will not forget the patriotic part which you
took in the accomplishment of their revolution and the establishment of
their government, or the important assistance they received from a
nation in which the Roman Catholic religion is professed."

[568] _Morley_.--_Edmund Burke, an Historical Study_, p. 181.

[569] _People_.--Chesterfield said, in 1764, that the poor people in
Ireland were used "worse than negroes." "Aristocracy," said Adam Smith,
"was not founded in the natural and respectable distinctions of birth
and fortune, but in the most odious of all distinctions, those of
religious and political prejudices--distinctions which, more than any
other, animate both the insolence of the oppressors, and the hatred and
indignation of the oppressed."--Morley's _Edmund Burke_, p. 183.

[570] _Fully_.--See _Curran's Letters and Speeches:_ Dublin, 1865.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

The Volunteers de