have our temptations and trials; each form of society has its own
kind of facilities for evil; but the grace of God and all the influences
which bear on the formation and the preservation of character, are the
same wherever Christianity prevails."

"Well, after all," said he, "it must be a semi-barbarous state of
society, where such a system is maintained."

"I shall have to send you," said I, "to the 'Hotel des Incurables.' I
think that your judgments are more than semi-barbarous. If you please to
term even the Southern negroes 'semi-barbarous,' you may do so; but you
are bearing false witness against your neighbor.

"My dear friend," said I, "sum up all the evils of the laboring classes,
of foreigners and the lower orders of society. Take their miseries,
vices, crimes, with all the blessings of freedom and everything else.
Get the proportion of evil to the good. Remember that these classes will
continue to exist among us. Then take the slaves, the lower order at the
South, as foreigners are with us, and say if, on the whole, the
proportion of evil among the slaves is any greater than among the
corresponding classes elsewhere. Do not be an optimist. Acknowledge that
society, in this fallen world, must have elements of evil, by reason at
least of imbecility, want of thrift, misfortune, and other things. You
will not fail to see that slavery with all its evils is, under the
circumstances, by no means, the worst possible condition for the colored
people."

"Well," said he, "I will think of all you have said. I do not wish to be
an ultraist, nor to shut my eyes against truth. You will wish to go to
bed; there are some further points on which I would know your views, and
we will, if you please, resume the subject to-morrow."

CHAPTER VII.

OWNERSHIP IN MAN.--THE OLD TESTAMENT SLAVERY.

"Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do
ye even so to them; FOR THIS IS THE LAW AND THE PROPHETS."

HOLY WRIT.

The rain still poured down in the morning, making it agreeable to us
that we had the prospect of an uninterrupted forenoon for our
conversation.

So when we found ourselves together again in the course of the forenoon,
by the fire, we opened the discussion.

Mr. North inquired what I understood by the term "owning a
fellow-creature."

"I understand by it," I replied, "a right to use, and to dispose of, the
services of another, wholly at my will. That will must be subject