ello--apart from references in
general histories of art--were Pastor's _Donatello_ (Giessen, 1882)
and Semper's _Donatello, seine Zeit und seine Schule_ (Vienna, 1875).
Since then the great Florentine sculptor has received attention from
many of the leading art writers, though England has only contributed a
not very complete record of his life and work by Hope Rea, _Donatello_
(London, 1900), and an excellent critical study by Lord Balcarres,
_Donatello_ (London, 1903), besides a translation of A. G. Meyer's
fully illustrated and exhaustive monograph in the Knackfuss series
(London, 1904). Other notable books on the subject are:--Eugene Muntz,
_Donatello_ (Paris, 1885), and in the series of _Les Artistes
celebres_ (Paris, 1890); Schmarzow, _Donatello_ (Breslau, 1886);
Cavalucci, _Vita ed opere del Donatello_ (Milan, 1886); Tschudi,
_Donatello e la critica moderna_ (Turin, 1887); Reymond, _Donatello_
(Florence, 1899); and Bode, _Florentiner Bildhauer der Renaissance_
(_Donatello als Architekt und Dekorator, Die Madonnenreliefs
Donatellos_) (Berlin, 1902). (P. G. K.)

DONATI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1826-1873), Italian astronomer, was born at
Pisa on the 16th of December 1826. He entered the observatory of
Florence as a student in 1852, became assistant to G. B. Amici in 1854,
and was appointed in 1864 to succeed him as director. A new observatory
at Arcetri near Florence, built under his supervision, was completed in
1872. During the ten years 1854-1864 Donati discovered six comets, one
of which, first seen on the 2nd of June 1858, bears his name (see
COMET). He observed the total solar eclipse of the 18th of July 1860, at
Torreblanca in Spain, and in the same year began experiments in stellar
spectroscopy. In 1862 he published a memoir, _Intorno alle strie degli
spettri stellari_, which indicated the feasibility of a physical
classification of the stars; and on the 5th of August 1864 discovered
the gaseous composition of comets by submitting to prismatic analysis
the light of one then visible. An investigation of the great aurora of
the 4th of February 1872 led him to refer such phenomena to a distinct
branch of science, designated by him "cosmical meteorology"; but he was
not destined to prosecute the subject. Attending the International
Meteorological Congress of August 1873 at Vienna, he fell ill of
cholera, and died a few hours after his arrival at Arcetri, on the 20th
of Septemb